(資料圖)

　　in which中的which是指代前面的東西,which可以指代地點(diǎn)也可以是時(shí)間,也就是說前面的先行詞只要是可以和in搭配的就可以,in which的用法有哪些呢?

　　in which的用法

　　which 用于定語從句，作關(guān)系代詞，在句中要做成分

　　in which 用于定語從句，作關(guān)系副詞，在句中不做成分，in which=where

　　in which 只搜索能用在定語從句中，等于where,在定語從句中作狀語。

　　如：He lived in the house in which Tom once lived.

　　He lived in the house where Tom once lived.

　　定語從句中.如

　　this is the room in which we stayed

　　先行詞是room，后的句子是用來修飾room的

　　但是room不可做stay的成分，因?yàn)閟tay是不及物動(dòng)詞，后不可直接家賓語

　　所以要有個(gè)介詞.

　　其實(shí)上述的句子=

　　this is the room which we stayed in.

　　這里的介詞是可以提到which 前的

　　定語從句in_which等的用法

　　in which, for which, on which, at which的不同用法

　　這些都是定語從句里面，由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，介詞提前。

　　in which可以翻譯成在……里面

　　for which可以翻譯成為了……目的

　　on which可以翻譯成在……的上面，或具體時(shí)間的某一天

　　at which可以翻譯成在……里面或在……上面

　　這些介詞的使用除了意思上的區(qū)別，具體是要以which引導(dǎo)的從句而定的。

　　例如：

　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　= The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　(3) I have a dresser in my bedroom, which there are many cosmetics on.

　　= I have a dresser in my bedroom on which there are many cosmetics.

　　(4)The dumpling House which he often has dumplings at is very popular.

　　= The dumpling House is very popular, at which he often has dumplings.

　　當(dāng)然這只是介詞作為基本意思的用法，還有一些固定搭配，得具體情況具體分析。 例如：

　　The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting. (固定搭配：in the case)

　　The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard. (固定搭配：at the point)

　　Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.(固定搭配：for the reason)

　　The film at which I fell asleep was very boring.

　　(Here "at which" is based on "fell asleep at the film"因?yàn)殡娪盁o聊而睡覺。) The little creature in which scientists are interested is known as ET.

　　(這里"be interested in"是詞組原因)

　　This is the book for which he is looking.

　　(即等于This is the book which he is looking for，這主要是因?yàn)閘ook for 這一短語)

　　例題：1. I can’t believe that the restaurant, ______ I have eaten such wonderful meal, is going to be close down.

　　A. where B. at which C. about which

　　【解答】選B。這個(gè)是非限制性定語從句，at which在功能上等于where，但就本題而言只能選at which。因?yàn)閍t which I have eaten such wonderful meal是一個(gè)插入語，where固然可以引導(dǎo)，但是由于前面有了一個(gè)逗號(hào)，就只能用at which了?！拔译y以相信我曾經(jīng)在里面美美地吃過幾頓大餐的飯店就要關(guān)張了。”非限制性定語從句主要就是先行詞+逗號(hào)“，”+介詞+which或者是先行詞+逗號(hào)“，”+which，它和限定性定語從句的最顯著區(qū)別一個(gè)是有逗號(hào)，一個(gè)是非限制定語從句總有which。

　　2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in near future.

　　A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

　　【解答】選C。return to其實(shí)，應(yīng)該來說，就是一個(gè)固定搭配了，解釋為回歸到，但是呢，如果要說意思的話，也是說得通的，就是把句子換一換語序你就可以看出來了?！皐e may return to wind power in near future.”也就是說，看到prep.+ which這種形式，就可以直接把它扔到動(dòng)詞后面，然后在進(jìn)行選擇，看缺少哪個(gè)介詞。

　　3. We have gathered nearly 100,000 quilts, _____up to half have gone to flood-hit areas.

　　A. with which B. in which C. for which D. of which

　　【解答】選D。這里的which指的是，nearly 100,000 quilts(被褥)，也就是說，后半句的主語是在這nearly 100,000 quilts里面的up to half。

　　例：I don’t know the reason why/for which he did it.

　　The reason why/for which he was fired was not clear.

　　There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.

　　亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個(gè)。

　　附：whose和 of which的區(qū)別

　　1. 關(guān)系代詞whose，引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語;of whom只能指人;of which只能指物，有時(shí)whose可以與of whom和of which互換使用。如：

　　The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 頭發(fā)金色的那個(gè)女孩是英國人。

　　The house whose doors(of which the doors) are green is an office building. 門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。

　　2. “介詞 + whose +名詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：

　　I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我愛我的祖國，為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。

　　3. 在下列情況下，一般只用of whom和of which。

　　(1) 定語從句的主語是few, little, some, most, many, much等時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。

　　In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know. 房間里有很多人，很多人我不認(rèn)識(shí)。

　　He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事書，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。

　　(2) 定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

　　The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩，其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生，另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。

　　(3) 定語從句的主語是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

　　There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生，所有這五十個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。

　　He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了兩棵樹，這兩棵樹都長得好。

　　(4) 在定語從句中作表語的定語時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。如：

　　He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟，李雷是他們中最小的一個(gè)。

　　There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one. 亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個(gè)。

　　(5) 形式不同。如：

　　The house windows face south is our reading-room.

　　A. of which B. whose C. which D. its

　　【解答】此題正確答案是B，不能選擇A。選擇of which時(shí)應(yīng)在名詞前加上定冠詞the，也就是名詞前有the就只能用of which。如果名詞前沒有冠詞，就用whose。若上題改為The house the windows face south is our reading-room，則此題只能選A不能選B了。

　　(6) of which除了可以表示所屬關(guān)系外，還可以用來表示整體的關(guān)系，而whose則不能。例：

　　He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.

　　In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women. 第一句中的of which就可以用whose來代替，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子中of是用來表示所屬關(guān)系的?？筛膶懗桑篐e borrowed a book whose author was a peasant. 而第二句中的of which不能用whose代替，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子中的of不是表示所屬關(guān)系，而是表示整體與部分的關(guān)系。

　　(7) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句多用whose，而很少用表示所屬關(guān)系的介詞of加上關(guān)系代詞which。如：

　　There is a mysterious lake at the foot of the hill, whose depth has never been measured. 山腳下有個(gè)神秘的湖，其深度從未被測(cè)量過。

　　如介詞of不表示所屬關(guān)系，而是用來表示整體與部分的關(guān)系，此時(shí)就經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句了。如：

　　There are 102 elements found in nature, of which most are metals.

　　The story about Long March, of which this is one example, are well written.

　　I’d like a car whose front lights are big and round.

　　I’d like a car, the front lights of which are big and round.

　　The book, the cover of which is broken, is not mine.

　　The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine.

　　介詞加which的用法

　　1)介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配

　　There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(SEFC 2A L.55)(in與way是習(xí)慣搭配)

　　2)介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配

　　These are the wires with which different machines are connected.(be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配)

　　The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.(be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配)

　　3)同形的先行詞，或定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí)，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。

　　I can"t remember the age at which he won the prize.

　　That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.

　　age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配;在后句中意為“時(shí)期”，與 in搭配。

　　4)復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。

　　We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.(SEFC 2A L.55)

　　Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.

　　They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.

　　5)短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見的短語動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時(shí)可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。

　　(誤)This is the girl of whom he will take care.

　　(正)This is the girl whom he will take careof.

　　6)當(dāng)介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密(但不是短語動(dòng)詞)時(shí)，介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí)，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：

　　The space station which we drove to was in the desert.(SEFC 2A L.55)

　　I"ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.

　　后句中若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時(shí)宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前;而前句中的to則可后置。

　　5.關(guān)系代詞的選擇

　　用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。

　　There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.(SEFC 2A L.55)(which指代research stations)

　　We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.(SEFC 2A L.55)(whom指代the pilot)

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