之前我們分享過(guò)，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀個(gè)別題型的做題方法。從題型入手，知道命題人要考什么、怎么考，我們就可以有的放矢地去總結(jié)做題方法，做到在閱讀和解題時(shí)抓住重點(diǎn)，準(zhǔn)確理解，選擇正確或最佳答案。但是如何抓住重點(diǎn)呢，考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題做題有什么方法及技巧呢？

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀題做題方法及技巧分享

要回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，首先要明白閱讀的本質(zhì)是什么?!閱讀的本質(zhì)是邏輯，也就是能夠讀懂作者的邏輯思路。邏輯又可以簡(jiǎn)單從正反和主次這兩個(gè)方面來(lái)思考。從行文來(lái)看，一個(gè)句子內(nèi)部、句與句之間、段與段之間都存在邏輯關(guān)系。不管是句內(nèi)、句間還是段間的關(guān)系，無(wú)論是因果、遞進(jìn)還是轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步，我們都可以簡(jiǎn)化為兩種邏輯關(guān)系—一同向或反向。一般而言，可以把因果、遞進(jìn)、并列關(guān)系歸為同向，把讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系歸為反向關(guān)系。判斷同向還反向以后，我們?cè)偻ㄟ^(guò)特定的邏輯詞，去找主要信息和次要信息，從而搞清楚作者的思路。思路一旦清晰，解題自然不在話下。比如下面這個(gè)句子：

But the Nobel Foundation'slim it of three recipients per prize，

each of whom must still be living， has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research——as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.(TEXT 3， 2014)

這個(gè)句子的主干是the Nobel Foundation’slim it has been

outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research， 中間的each of whom是一個(gè)從句修飾前面的three recipients， 破折號(hào)后面有一個(gè)as will be demonstrated by同樣是從句， 但是我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它實(shí)際上是個(gè)例子， 用來(lái)例證前面的collaborative nature。讀懂了這個(gè)例子，我們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)句子的主要信息就是前面的主干。然后碰巧這個(gè)地方就出了一道例證題：

33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is atypical case which involves

[A] controversies over the recipients’status.

[B] the joint effort of modern researchers.

[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes.

[D] the demonstration of research findings.

讀懂了前面那個(gè)句子內(nèi)部的邏輯，我們就可以知道這道題正確答案應(yīng)該是B，joint effort對(duì)應(yīng)collaborative nature， modern researchers對(duì)應(yīng)modern research.

其實(shí)不管是句內(nèi)邏輯還是句間邏輯，文中往往都會(huì)有一些邏輯標(biāo)志詞，我們需要做的就是特別留意，整體把握，比如下面一段文字：

More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work， not looking to sign on.”he claimed.“We’redoing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster”Help?Really?On first hearing， this was the socially concerned chancellor， trying to change lives for the better， complete with“reforms to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work， and subsides laziness.What motivated him， we were to understand， was his zeal for“fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer，controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.(TEXT 1， 2014)

段首直接出現(xiàn)more apparent reasonableness followed， 我們可

以知道這是承上啟下，后面肯定開(kāi)始展開(kāi)，到底還有哪些reasonableness。第二句順而介紹新政規(guī)定：失業(yè)后需要等待七天方可申請(qǐng)救濟(jì)。第三四句直接引用奧斯本(本文介紹英國(guó)財(cái)相奧斯本的“先期工作搜索方案”并批判)口中這一規(guī)定的“合理性”。然后五六兩個(gè)獨(dú)詞問(wèn)句引發(fā)正面質(zhì)疑：(奧斯本反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)新政意在“幫助”) help?really?之后用“on first hearing”開(kāi)頭， 重復(fù)奧斯本的說(shuō)辭， 說(shuō)明表象， 實(shí)則暗示事實(shí)并非如此。最后一句通過(guò)“we were to understand”揭示真相，明確作者觀點(diǎn)：正在動(dòng)機(jī)在于保護(hù)納稅人、控制救濟(jì)金支出。

這一段通過(guò)可以從help?really?這里斷開(kāi)， 分為兩個(gè)部分：前面在介紹新政規(guī)定(2句)和奧斯本新政目的和合理性的說(shuō)辭(3、4兩句);后面質(zhì)疑、反擊，揭示奧斯本真正動(dòng)因。通過(guò)前面提到的邏輯標(biāo)志詞，我們可以看出“奧斯本口中的新政目的”和“作者所揭示的真正動(dòng)因”的對(duì)比，理解作者反駁態(tài)度。

一個(gè)段落內(nèi)部，通過(guò)句間邏輯分析，我們可以知曉段落主旨和作者態(tài)度。實(shí)際上段落之間，也是如此，這個(gè)時(shí)候我們只需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注每段的段首和段尾，尤其是段首。比如我們把

2014年TEXT 2每一段首句擰出來(lái)， 就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)， 邏輯特別清晰：

1.All around the world， lawyers generate more hostility than the

members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.

2.During the decade before the economic crisis， spending on

legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.

3.There are many reasons for this.

4.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.

5.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.

6.In fact， allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers， by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to

focus on improving irms'efficiency.

第一段提出問(wèn)題，第二段具體闡釋問(wèn)題，第三段指出原因之一，第四段給出相應(yīng)解決辦法，第五段指出原因之二，第六段提出相應(yīng)解決辦法。這是一篇“問(wèn)題分析解決型”文章，按照“提出問(wèn)題―—一分析并解決問(wèn)題”的脈絡(luò)展開(kāi)論述。通過(guò)抓每一段的中心，進(jìn)而明確段間邏輯關(guān)系，就可以很好把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)，最終掌握文章中心思想。

其實(shí)不管是什么考試的閱讀，如果能準(zhǔn)確理解句內(nèi)、句間和段間的邏輯關(guān)系，那么就可以很清楚的把握作者的邏輯脈絡(luò)，解題自然是小菜一碟。但是能否抓住邏輯，需要大家盡可能夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，減少詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解的影響，結(jié)合正確的閱讀邏輯理解方法訓(xùn)練，理解文章，做對(duì)題目，拿到高分，考研成功，自然都是水到渠成的事!

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